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• The unexplained  + (977<><div> The universe is not … 977<><div></br>The universe is not self-explanatory: the fundamental constants and laws that organize it, and even its very presence, remain problematic.</div><><>The unexplained cannot be explained, even by the existence of God.-¡-The unexplained cannot be explained, even by the existence of God.<>0<>1<><><>explained cannot be explained, even by the existence of God.<>0<>1<><><>)
• The unexplained cannot be explained, even by the existence of God.  + (978<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• The universe is not self-sufficient  + (979<><div> The universe is not … 979<><div></br>The universe is not self-explanatory: the fundamental constants and laws that organize it, and even its very presence, remain problematic.</div><><>The question "Why does the universe exist?" is meaningless.-¡-The question "Why does the universe exist?" is meaningless. -;- The universe exists from all eternity, its existence is not in question.-¡-The universe exists from all eternity, its existence is not in question.<>0<>2<><><> exists from all eternity, its existence is not in question.<>0<>2<><><>)
• The question "Why does the universe exist?" is meaningless.  + (980<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• The universe exists from all eternity, its existence is not in question.  + (981<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• The universe makes sense  + (982<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><>The meaning of the universe is only a projection of the human mind-¡-The meaning of the universe is only a projection of the human mind<>0<>1<><><>)
• The meaning of the universe is only a projection of the human mind  + (983<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• Atheists also put forward a thesis  + (984<><div> By asserting that " … 984<><div></br>By asserting that "God doesn't exist", atheists are putting forward as much of a thesis as believers who assert that "God does exist". If I say "There are no thieves behind the door", even if my assertion is negative, I am asserting something - which requires proof, for example by opening the door to see whether there is a thief or not. Atheists claim to be "neutral" when in fact they convey a worldview that is not self-evident, implying, for example, that the laws of physics are self-formed or that energy needs no incidental cause. Their position is no more natural than that of the believer, and they are also responsible for proving their hypothesis. The only position that does not assert anything is agnosticism, which does not decide in favor or against the existence of God. .</div><><>Atheists have never claimed that the laws of physics are self-forming or that energy needs no incidental cause.-¡-Atheists have never claimed that the laws of physics are self-forming or that energy needs no incidental cause. -;- To claim that a thing has no cause, or that it is caused by a god who has no cause, is the same thing.-¡-To claim that a thing has no cause, or that it is caused by a god who has no cause, is the same thing.<>0<>2<><><>t it is caused by a god who has no cause, is the same thing.<>0<>2<><><>)
• Atheists have never claimed that the laws of physics are self-forming or that energy needs no incidental cause.  + (985<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• To claim that a thing has no cause, or that it is caused by a god who has no cause, is the same thing.  + (986<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• No experiment proves the existence of God  + (987<><blockquote>“Weakness of … 987<><blockquote>“Weakness of the proofs, then, since they are not proofs. But also, and above all, the weakness of experiments. This is my second argument, always negative. It's more important to me than the previous one. When it comes to matters of fact, experience is more decisive than reasoning. One of my main reasons for not believing in God is that I have no experience of him. It's the simplest argument. It's one of the strongest.”</blockquote></br> <div class="reference-citation">André Comte-Sponville, ''The spirit of atheism'', Albin Michel.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>le, ''The spirit of atheism'', Albin Michel.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• Awakening experiences show that there is no god  + (988<><div> Whether in the Far … 988<><div></br>Whether in the Far East or the West, people are experiencing "awakening". This experience gives a sense of immediate access to reality in its fullest, and is accompanied by an intensification of consciousness. Those who have experienced it say that it differs as much from the ordinary state of consciousness as the latter differs from dreaming. In this state, there is no God, but subjects perceive either a kind of emptiness (= Buddhism) or an impersonal unity (= Hindu non-dualism).</br></br>For those who have access to this "awakening", God is a pure metaphysical speculation that has no, or no longer any, raison d'être.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>or no longer any, raison d'être.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• There are no "back worlds" where God would stand  + (989<><div> If God and religion … 989<><div></br>If God and religions are true, this would presuppose an "afterworld" subsisting beyond the sensible world. It is in this world that God, angels, the souls of the dead, heaven and hell, etc. would exist. But there's no evidence of such a world - it's a pure invention.</div><blockquote>“First proposition. The reasons for calling "this" world a world of appearance, on the contrary, prove its reality - another reality is absolutely indemonstrable. Second proposition. The distinctive signs we have given of the true "essence of things" are the characteristic signs of non-being, of nothingness; from this contradiction, we have built the "truth-world" into a true world: and it is indeed the world of appearances, as a moral optical illusion. Third proposition. To speak of a world "other" than this one makes no sense, assuming that we don't have within us a dominant instinct to slander, belittle and hold life in suspicion: in the latter case, we take revenge on life with the phantasmagoria of an "other" life, a "better" life.”</blockquote></br> <div class="reference-citation">Friedrich Nietzsche, ''Twilight of the idols''.</div><><>There is a "world of Ideas" where mathematical concepts and moral values are held.-¡-There is a "world of Ideas" where mathematical concepts and moral values are held. -;- The laws of physics stand in a backwater-¡-The laws of physics stand in a backwater -;- Near-death experiences show an invisible reality-¡-Near-death experiences show an invisible reality -;- Shamanic experience shows the existence of invisible realities-¡-Shamanic experience shows the existence of invisible realities<>0<>4<><><>invisible realities-¡-Shamanic experience shows the existence of invisible realities<>0<>4<><><>)
• There is a "world of Ideas" where mathematical concepts and moral values are held.  + (990<><div style="font-size: 90%;" … 990<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><>The "world of ideas" is merely the product of our culture and the creations of our brains.-¡-The "world of ideas" is merely the product of our culture and the creations of our brains.<>0<>1<><><> the product of our culture and the creations of our brains.<>0<>1<><><>)
• The "world of ideas" is merely the product of our culture and the creations of our brains.  + (991<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• The laws of physics stand in a backwater  + (992<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><>The term "backworld" means everything and nothing at the same time-¡-The term "backworld" means everything and nothing at the same time<>0<>1<><><>)
• The term "backworld" means everything and nothing at the same time  + (993<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• Near-death experiences show an invisible reality  + (994<><div style="font-size: 90%;" … 994<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><>IMEs are simple hallucinations-¡-IMEs are simple hallucinations -;- Showing the existence of an invisible world is nonsense-¡-Showing the existence of an invisible world is nonsense<>0<>2<><><>se-¡-Showing the existence of an invisible world is nonsense<>0<>2<><><>)
• IMEs are simple hallucinations  + (995<><div> We mean hallucinati … 995<><div></br>We mean hallucination in the common sense of the term, i.e. "subjective delusions", rather like visions of pink elephants! IMEs resemble delusions, which are often accompanied by the delusional person's feeling that his or her experience is "real".</div><>IMEs are like dreams-¡-IMEs are like dreams -;- IMEs are influenced by the surrounding culture-¡-IMEs reflect the beliefs and mythical images in which they are immersed. -;- The sensation of leaving one's body is produced by stimulation of the right parietal cortex.-¡-The sensation of leaving one's body is produced by stimulation of the right parietal cortex. -;- Some people who testify to their IME lie about it to make it more sensationalist (and therefore more sellable to the media or if they decide to write a book about it).-¡-Some people who testify to their IME lie to make it more sensationalist (more sellable to the media or if they decide to write a book about it).<>Hallucinations are very diverse, but IMEs always follow a similar scenario.-¡-Hallucinations are very diverse, but IMEs always follow a similar scenario. -;- Hallucinations are accompanied by a very active electroencephalogram, whereas IMEs can take place with a flat EEG.-¡-Hallucinations are accompanied by a very active electroencephalogram, whereas IMEs can take place with a flat EEG. -;- Hallucinations often generate anxiety, IMEs lead to serenity-¡-Hallucinations often generate anxiety, IMEs lead to serenity -;- IMEs affect normal personalities who are not delusional.-¡-IMEs affect normal personalities who are not delusional. -;- IME memories are stronger and more coherent than those of imagined events-¡-IME memories are stronger and more coherent than those of imagined events<>4<>5<><><>are stronger and more coherent than those of imagined events<>4<>5<><><>)
• IMEs are like dreams  + (996<><div style="font-size: 90%;">''No content has been entered yet.''</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• IMEs are influenced by the surrounding culture  + (997<><div> Interestingly, some … 997<><div></br>Interestingly, some IMEs are influenced by the religious ideas of the experiencers: Natalie Saracco has a Catholic IME, while a Jewish teenager, Nathan, testifies to an IME that features Jewish religious conceptions. Hindu IMEs do not resemble Western IMEs. This clearly shows that IMEs portray the more or less conscious ideas of the experiencer, and not an objective reality.</div><blockquote>“A number of studies have highlighted differences of varying degrees between IME accounts from Western countries and those from other cultures. The example most frequently cited in the literature is that of India (Groth-Marnat, 1994; Pasricha, 2008; Pasricha & Stevenson, 1986). It appears that certain elements present in Western accounts, such as the vision of tunnels (31% of near-death experiences according to van Lommel et al. (2001)) or the review of life (13%), are very rarely present, if at all, in Indian accounts. [...] One example is the phenomenon of mistaken identity, in which a person is sent back to life because he or she is not the one expected by Yama, the god of death in Hindu and Buddhist religions. This phenomenon, very common in India, is also found in stories collected in Thailand by Murphy (2001), who concludes that there are differences between Thai and Western stories. Over and above religious figures, it appears that Thais report more negative affects than Westerners, often linked to a fear of hell (Murphy, 2001). Similarly, a study carried out in Germany revealed differences between the East and West of the country in terms of the emotions felt during an IME (Knoblauch, Schmied, & Schnettler, 2001). Individuals tend to report significantly more negative emotions in East Germany (60%) than in West Germany (29%) [4]</br>[4]χ 2 (1, N = 82) = 7.88, p < 0.01.</br>[...] Stories from China (Zhi-ying & Jian-xun, 1992), Hawaii (Kellehear, 2001), Chile (Gomez-Jeria, 1993) and Tibet (Carr, 1993) also differ from Western accounts, supporting the hypothesis that local cultural beliefs influence IME. According to Augustine (2007), near-death experiences are influenced by people's expectations of death and life after death, which are often strongly linked to culture and religion in particular.</br>.”</blockquote></br> <div class="reference-citation">Author not entered, “[https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-annee-psychologique1-2017-1-page-85.htm Near-death experience (NDE): a synthesis of the literature]”, ''L'année psychologique magazine'', 01/2017.</div><><>IMEs have an underlying structure that is stable across cultures and environments-¡-IMEs have an underlying structure that is stable across cultures and environments<>0<>1<><><>nd environments-¡-IMEs have an underlying structure that is stable across cultures and environments<>0<>1<><><>)
• IMEs have an underlying structure that is stable across cultures and environments  + (998<><div> Several authors con … 998<><div></br>Several authors consider that the differences observed between cultures are superficial and reflect differences in the interpretation of the same phenomenon. Research carried out in Iran (Fracasso, Aleyasin, Friedman & Young 2010) and Israel (Abramovitch, 1988), for example, concludes that stories are similar across cultures. IMEs are said to have a stable structure, and it's their "packaging" that differs from one culture to another.</div><blockquote>“In concluding his reflections on Western and Tibetan IMEs, Ring (1993: 223-229) is more nuanced. On the one hand, he argues that religious tradition colors the experience and its interpretation by experiencers, and on the other, that its structure (i.e., he proposes the following five stages: 1) sensation of well-being and disappearance of pain, 2) de-corporation, 3) entry into darkness/tunnel, 4) vision of a light and 5) entry into the light) remains similar whatever the experiencer's culture of origin.”</blockquote></br> <div class="reference-citation">S.Laureys, Helena Cassol, Charlotte Martial, “[https://popups.uliege.be/2030-1456/index.php?id=501 Near-death experiences]”, ''MethIS'', 2019.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>index.php?id=501 Near-death experiences]”, ''MethIS'', 2019.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)
• The sensation of leaving one's body is produced by stimulation of the right parietal cortex.  + (999<><blockquote>“many scienti … 999<><blockquote>“many scientists agree that dysfunction of the whole brain, and in particular the right parietal cortex, is responsible for this out-of-body sensation. In 2011, Olaf Blank, a neuroscience researcher at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland), explained in an article published by the American Center for Biotechnology Information that he had induced an out-of-body sensation in a patient by stimulating different regions of her brain before an operation. "The brain activity linked to these bodily sensations was focused in the parietal cortex, a brain region well known for its role in body image formation", commented Angela Sirigu, a neuroscience researcher at CNRS, in Le Monde (paid article), in 2013.”</blockquote></br> <div class="reference-citation">Louis San, “[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sciences/experience-de-mort-imminente-que-dit-la-science_715079.html#xtor=AL-79-[article] Near-death experience: what does science have to say?]”, ''France info'', 12/10/2014.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>have to say?]”, ''France info'', 12/10/2014.</div><><><>0<>0<><><>)

• Pan-Turkism and Zionism as Two Sides of the Same Coin  + (<><>0<>0)
• Should artificial wombs be authorized?  + (<><>0<>0)
• Should the minimum wage be raised?  + (<><>0<>0)

• Should lunar resources be exploited?  + (<>Altering the Moon's mass would be detrimental to its orbit-¡-Altering the Moon's mass would be detrimental to its orbit<>0<>1)
• The fight against the extreme right is often misused as a useful tool for globalization.  + (<nowiki>1360<><div><b … <nowiki>1360<><div><br />Globalist capitalists want to create a large European market and open the EU's borders to people. Just as French bosses demanded more immigration from Giscard in the 1970s, today's bosses want a liberal world, with free movement of capital, goods and people. So they label all those who oppose this capitalist project as "racists" and "reactionaries". They use far-left movements as useful idiots for their agenda. It's no coincidence that Soros funds pro-migrant NGOs, that employers make statements against the RN, and that the most capitalist and globalist leaders fight against any sovereignist movement.</div><blockquote>“[...] of course, the FN is silent on the responsibility of big business, which went looking for these foreigners in their countries of origin. No class analysis, of course, and consequently nothing on the processes of exploitation that exacerbate inequalities between immigrants and nationals. The Socialist Party, for its part, has become the shield of neoliberal capitalism. After burying Marxism and the class struggle, and converting to the market economy, the left-wing hegemony of the PS has rendered any criticism of immigration as "far-right". In total opposition to the FN, immigration is defended as an enrichment for the country, ignoring the reasons and responsibilities behind migration, as with its adversary. From now on, it's all about morality and individuals. Finally, we mustn't forget that labor immigration has been replaced by family immigration, the main source of immigration with few or no qualifications. The new waves of immigration bring with them a workforce that has to compete with previous waves of immigration.<br /><br />== '''<u>Finding a new paradigm</u>'''' ==<br />While France has hovered between 8% and 10% unemployment for the past 30 years, the MEDEF continues to advocate the recruitment of foreigners[https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn13 ^[13]][https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn14 ^[14]][https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn15 ^[15]]. The political refugee is also seen from an economic angle[https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn16 ^[16]]. The hiring of illegal immigrants is encouraged by the European Commission, trade unions and employers via the French Office for Immigration and Integration[https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn17 ^[17]]. It is much in demand in the hotel industry[https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/#_ftn18 ^[18]].”</blockquote><br /> <div class="reference-citation">Author not entered, “[https://www.lemondemoderne.media/immigration-et-patronat-une-histoire-de-la-politique-francaise/ Immigration and employers, a history of French politics]”, ''Le Monde moderne'', 1/07/2021.</div><><>The far-right's proposals to curb immigration are cruel and ineffective, and therefore racist.-¡-The far-right's proposals to curb immigration are cruel and ineffective, and therefore racist. -;- The far right has no interest in tackling the causes of migration-¡-The far right has no interest in tackling the causes of migration -;- Presenting the ultra-right as anti-capitalist and anti-globalist is a sham-¡-Presenting the ultra-right as anti-capitalist and anti-globalist is a sham -;- Emigration is a wrench, and a left-wing policy is to reduce North/South inequalities so that people in the South don't need to emigrate.-¡-Emigration is a wrench, and a left-wing policy is to reduce North/South inequalities so that people in the South don't need to emigrate. -;- It's ridiculous to accuse associations dedicated to the duty of remembrance of complicity with capitalism.-¡-It's ridiculous to accuse associations dedicated to the duty of remembrance of complicity with capitalism. -;- The anti-woke are the useful idiots of the thirst for power and profit of a few oligarchs.-¡-The anti-woke are the useful idiots of the thirst for power and profit of a few oligarchs. -;- Rejection of immigration is a form of resignation that absolves those truly responsible for France's economic and social crisis.-¡-Rejection of immigration is a form of resignation that absolves those truly responsible for France's economic and social crisis. -;- It's not up to the far right itself to define what constitutes a "fight against the rogue far right".-¡-It's not up to the far right itself to define what constitutes a "fight against the rogue far right".<>0<>8<><><></nowiki>ight against the rogue far right".<>0<>8<><><></nowiki>)
• Does being on the left necessarily mean being in favor of mass immigration?  + (All left-wing parties are relatively pro-i … All left-wing parties are relatively pro-immigration-¡-All left-wing parties are relatively pro-immigration -;- Migrants come to Europe because of imperialist wars and the plundering of their countries, so it's only right to welcome them.-¡-Migrants come to Europe because of imperialist wars and the plundering of their countries, so it's only right to welcome them. -;- It's impossible to be on the left and reject others who are disadvantaged-¡-It's impossible to be on the left and reject others who are disadvantaged -;- The left is internationalist-¡-The left is internationalist -;- Immigration strengthens the proletariat and left-wing forces-¡-Immigration strengthens the proletariat and left-wing forces -;- Rejection of immigrants is caused by racism-¡-Rejection of immigration is racism -;- Xenophobic nationalists want to close borders-¡-Xenophobic nationalists want to close borders -;- The media and governments that serve capitalist interests stir up fear of immigration-¡-The media and governments that serve capitalist interests stir up fear of immigration -;- The bourgeoisie stirs up divisions in the proletariat by inventing a pseudo immigration problem-¡-The bourgeoisie stirs up divisions in the proletariat by inventing a pseudo immigration problem -;- Immigration promotes multiculturalism, which is a plus for a society and human progress.-¡-Immigration promotes multiculturalism, which is a plus for a society and human progress. -;- Solidarity means welcoming migrants-¡-Solidarity means welcoming migrants -;- European countries need the values conveyed by Muslims-¡-Muslim migrants convey the human values that our hyper-individualistic societies need.<>Several left-wing parties and governments are relatively opposed to immigration-¡-Several left-wing parties and governments are relatively opposed to immigration -;- There's also a trend on the left against immigration-¡-There's also a historical left-wing tendency against immigration -;- Employers and urban bourgeoisie want immigration-¡-Employers and urban bourgeoisie want immigration -;- Certain Marxist analyses are unfavorable to mass immigration-¡-Certain Marxist analyses are unfavorable to mass immigration -;- Immigration is contrary to the interests of French workers and immigrants themselves.-¡-Immigration is contrary to the interests of French workers and immigrants themselves. -;- Mass immigration is a by-product of unbridled liberalism and globalization-¡-Mass immigration is a by-product of unbridled liberalism and globalization -;- Wanting to preserve one's culture and way of life is not racism-¡-In working-class neighborhoods, mass immigration gives rise to complex "culture clashes" that fuel the far-right vote. -;- Some migrants advocate patriarchal and retrograde values that the left fights against-¡-Some migrants advocate patriarchal and retrograde values that the left fights against -;- Emigration is a wrench, and a left-wing policy is to reduce North/South inequalities so that people in the South don't need to emigrate.-¡-Emigration is a wrench, and a left-wing policy is to reduce North/South inequalities so that people in the South don't need to emigrate. -;- The left sees mass immigration more as a necessary evil than an asset-¡-The left sees mass immigration more as a necessary evil than an asset -;- We can't stop immigration-¡-The question of being for or against immigration makes no sense, since it will always exist whether we like it or not. -;- The far right has no interest in tackling the causes of migration-¡-The real profiteers of mass immigration are far-right populists<>12<>12mass immigration are far-right populists<>12<>12)
• Debate test?  + (Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 1 -;- Ar … Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 1 -;- Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 2 -;- Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 3 -;- Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 4 -;- Argument test-¡-Pro argument test 5 -;- Argument test 2-¡-Pro argument test 6<>Argument test-¡-Con argument test 1 -;- Argument test-¡-Con argument test 2 -;- Argument test-¡-Con argument test 3 -;- Argument test-¡-Con argument test 4 -;- Argument test-¡-Con argument test 5<>6<>5 4 -;- Argument test-¡-Con argument test 5<>6<>5)
• Should we be afraid of artificial intelligence?  + (Artificial intelligence drives technologic … Artificial intelligence drives technological progress-¡-AI drives technological progress -;- Artificial intelligence automates tasks-¡-AI automates tasks -;- Artificial intelligence aids medical diagnosis-¡-AI aids medical diagnosis -;- Artificial intelligence facilitates research-¡-AI facilitates research -;- Artificial intelligence reduces human error-¡-AI reduces human error -;- Artificial intelligence helps the vulnerable-¡-AI helps vulnerable people -;- Artificial intelligence boosts economic innovation-¡-AI boosts economic innovation -;- Artificial intelligence helps combat climate change-¡-AI helps combat climate change -;- Artificial intelligence enables personalized learning-¡-AI enables personalized learning -;- Artificial intelligence helps solve global problems-¡-AI helps solve global problems<>Artificial intelligence threatens jobs-¡-AI threatens jobs -;- Artificial intelligence can be biased-¡-AI can be biased -;- Artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns-¡-AI raises ethical concerns -;- Artificial intelligence can be used for malicious purposes-¡-AI can be used for malicious purposes -;- Artificial intelligence can lead to overdependence-¡-AI can lead to overdependence -;- Artificial intelligence raises privacy and security issues-¡-AI raises privacy and security issues -;- Artificial intelligence can increase socio-economic inequalities-¡-AI can increase socio-economic inequalities -;- Artificial intelligence raises questions of legal liability-¡-AI raises questions of legal liability -;- Artificial intelligence could surpass human control-¡-AI could surpass human control -;- Artificial intelligence raises existential questions about humanity-¡-AI raises existential questions about humanity<>10<>10ses existential questions about humanity<>10<>10)
• Faced with the climate emergency, should we wait for everything to collapse?  + (As long as we're not personally affected, we're not going to change anything.-¡-As long as we're not personally affected, we're not going to change anything.<><>1<>0)
• Is it necessary to elect a representative people's assembly accessible to all?  + (Can be used to elect a constituent assembl … Can be used to elect a constituent assembly and/or an assembly to replace the senate.-¡-Can be used to elect a constituent assembly and/or an assembly to replace the senate. -;- You don't need any funding or support to be a candidate.-¡-You don't need any funding or support to be a candidate. -;- Enables greater public participation in political life.-¡-Enables greater public participation in political life. -;- An election campaign followed by an election are combined with a draw.-¡-An election campaign followed by an election are combined with a draw. -;- This is the only way to establish a truly democratic system.-¡-This is the only way to establish a truly democratic system. -;- Current "democracies" are oligarchic-¡-Current "democracies" are oligarchic<>An assembly cannot be sociologically representative-¡-An assembly cannot be sociologically representative -;- We need an assembly of competent people, not just any old people.-¡-We need an assembly of competent people, not just any old people. -;- The election selects the most demagogic people, not the wisest.-¡-The election selects the most demagogic people, not the wisest.<>6<>3the most demagogic people, not the wisest.<>6<>3)
• Should we stop eating animals?  + (Eating animals means inflicting violence o … Eating animals means inflicting violence on farmed animals, a source of much suffering.-¡-Intensive livestock farming causes a great deal of suffering to animals -;- Eating animals leads to intensive livestock farming, a source of numerous environmental problems-¡-Intensive livestock farming poses serious environmental problems -;- Eating animals is bad for humans-¡-Eating animals is bad for humans -;- Eating animals is currently based on inhuman working conditions-¡-Working conditions in slaughterhouses are inhuman -;- Eating animals means deciding on the lives of beings who have asked for nothing from anyone.-¡-Eating animals means deciding on the lives of beings who have asked for nothing from anyone. -;- Do not eat animals considered sacred-¡-Some animals are considered sacred -;- Eating animals habituates you to cruelty-¡-Eating animals habituates you to cruelty -;- Everyone can adopt a plant-based diet-¡-Everyone can adopt a plant-based diet -;- Animal suffering is inevitable in the meat production process-¡-Animal suffering is inevitable in the meat production process -;- Pro-meat arguments are fake news propagated by industry lobbies-¡-Pro-meat arguments are fake news propagated by industry lobbies<>Eating animals is a gustatory pleasure-¡-Eating animals is a gustatory pleasure -;- Eating animals is good for your health-¡-Eating animals is good for your health -;- Eating animals is an ancestral practice-¡-Eating animals is an ancestral practice -;- Eating animals is the norm in nature-¡-Eating animals is the norm in nature -;- Eating animals is the only way to acknowledge one's animality-¡-Eating animals is the only way to acknowledge one's animality -;- Eating animals helps when crops fail-¡-Eating animals helps when crops fail -;- Eliminating ruminant livestock farming could disrupt many ecosystems-¡-Eliminating ruminant livestock farming could disrupt many ecosystems -;- Stopping eating animals would destroy some farming activities-¡-Stopping eating animals would destroy some farming activities -;- Vegan substitutes are often allergenic-¡-Vegan substitutes are often allergenic -;- Stopping the breeding of certain animals would make them disappear-¡-Stopping the breeding of certain animals would make them disappear -;- Eating invasive animal species can be beneficial-¡-Eating invasive animal species can be beneficial -;- Not eating meat causes nutritional deficiencies-¡-Not eating meat causes nutritional deficiencies<>10<>12ing meat causes nutritional deficiencies<>10<>12)
• Is Ecosia an eco-friendly search engine?  + (Ecosia fights deforestation-¡-Ecosia fights deforestation -;- Ecosia is an alternative to Google-¡-Ecosia is an alternative to Google<>A Google search consumes less CO2 than an Ecosia search-¡-A Google search consumes less CO2<>2<>1)
• Should we boycott Facebook?  + (Facebook appropriates its users' personal … Facebook appropriates its users' personal data without payment-¡-Facebook hogs users' personal data -;- Facebook is unreliable-¡-Facebook is unreliable -;- Facebook is a propaganda tool-¡-Facebook is a propaganda tool -;- Facebook is an all-powerful company-¡-Facebook is an all-powerful company -;- There are free alternatives to Facebook-¡-There are free alternatives to Facebook -;- The moderation policy is wrong-¡-The moderation policy is wrong -;- Facebook is harmful to its users-¡-Facebook is harmful to its users -;- Facebook is complicit in genocide-¡-Facebook is a cynical, criminal company ready to spill blood for pure greed.<>Facebook is a tool for expression-¡-Facebook is a tool for expression -;- Facebook allows us to keep in touch with those around us-¡-We all need to keep in touch with those around us -;- There's no more reason to boycott Facebook than other web giants-¡-There's no more reason to boycott Facebook than other web giants -;- Facebook is the social network used by the majority of people-¡-Facebook is the social network used by the majority of people<>8<>4ial network used by the majority of people<>8<>4)
• Should we boycott GAFAM?  + (GAFAMs are undemocratic-¡-GAFAMs are undem … GAFAMs are undemocratic-¡-GAFAMs are undemocratic -;- GAFAM abuse their monopoly-¡-GAFAM abuse their monopoly<>GAFAM offers simple, effective tools-¡-GAFAM offers simple, effective tools -;- There's no alternative to GAFAM-¡-There's no alternative to GAFAM<>2<>2to GAFAM-¡-There's no alternative to GAFAM<>2<>2)
• Does God exist?  + (God is the first cause of the universe-¡-G … God is the first cause of the universe-¡-God is the first cause of the universe -;- The order and complexity of the world presuppose a Creator God-¡-The order and complexity of the world presuppose a creator -;- There are divine interventions-¡-There are divine interventions -;- God created a morality independent of men-¡-There is a morality independent of men -;- Only God is the guarantor of the reality and veracity of the world.-¡-Only God is the guarantor of the reality and veracity of the world. -;- God's existence is contained in his concept-¡-God's existence is contained in his concept -;- We have concepts within us that only God could have created.-¡-We have concepts within us that only God could have created. -;- The God hypothesis is simpler than the atheist hypothesis-¡-The God hypothesis is simpler than the atheist hypothesis -;- Human nature aspires to God-¡-Human nature aspires to God -;- God's existence can be experienced with immediate certainty-¡-God's existence can be experienced with immediate certainty -;- Freedom is inexplicable within the framework of materialism-¡-Human freedom is inexplicable in atheism<>No evidence of a god-¡-No evidence of a god -;- There is no spirit outside matter-¡-There is no spirit outside matter -;- There is too much suffering and injustice for there to be a god-¡-There is too much suffering and injustice for there to be a god -;- Religions contradict each other-¡-Religions contradict each other -;- Human freedom contradicts the existence of a god-¡-Man is free -;- The absence of human freedom contradicts the existence of a god-¡-Man is determined -;- God is a contradictory concept-¡-God is a contradictory concept -;- Human existence is no match for God-¡-Human existence is no match for God -;- God is an invention-¡-God is an invention -;- God is but the name of our ignorance-¡-God is but the name of our ignorance -;- Arguments for the existence of God are all argumentative biases-¡-Arguments for the existence of God are all argumentative biases -;- The universe is too empty, too ancient and too vast to correspond to the God of religions.-¡-The universe is too empty, too ancient and too vast to correspond to the God of religions.<>11<>12t to correspond to the God of religions.<>11<>12)
• Should we debate with the enemy?  + (It's important to try and convince your op … It's important to try and convince your opponents, even the worst ones.-¡-It's important to try and convince your opponents, even the worst ones. -;- Debating with the enemy is the best way to fight his ideas-¡-Debating with the enemy is the best way to fight his ideas -;- Debating with the enemy allows us to progress-¡-Debating with the enemy allows us to progress -;- Debating with one's enemies is an ethical obligation, the opposite of discrimination.-¡-Debating with one's enemies is an ethical obligation, the opposite of discrimination. -;- Debating with the enemy helps prevent violence-¡-Debating with the enemy helps prevent violence -;- One must debate with one's enemies privately, or in a well-chosen arena, to avoid spreading their opinions.-¡-One must debate with one's enemies under appropriate conditions -;- To counter the enemy, you have to know him-¡-To counter the enemy, you have to know him -;- To refuse to debate the enemy is to wallow in entrenchment and dogma.-¡-To refuse to debate the enemy is to wallow in entrenchment and dogma.<>To debate with the enemy is to recognize the legitimacy of his arguments.-¡-To debate with the enemy is to recognize the legitimacy of his arguments. -;- To debate with the enemy is to participate in the dissemination of his ideas.-¡-To debate with the enemy is to participate in the dissemination of his ideas. -;- Debating with the enemy leads nowhere-¡-Debating with the enemy leads nowhere -;- You can debate with your opponents, but not with your enemies-¡-You can debate with your opponents, but not with your enemies -;- There are better ways to fight your enemies than to argue with them.-¡-There are better ways to fight your enemies -;- Some debates are humiliating or even dehumanizing for the people they target-¡-Some debates are humiliating, even dehumanizing for the people they target<>8<>6en dehumanizing for the people they target<>8<>6)
• Is there such a thing as a national identity?  + (National identity is based on a common lan … National identity is based on a common language and culture-¡-It is based on a common language and culture -;- National identity stems from history-¡-It stems from the history -;- National identity corresponds to national mores-¡-It corresponds to the customs of the country -;- National identity expresses a country's vision-¡-It expresses a country's vision -;- National identity corresponds to a country's mentality or national character.-¡-It corresponds to the country's mentality or national character. -;- National identity is the soul of the country-¡-It's the soul of a country -;- People have always sought a national identity-¡-People have always sought a national identity<>"National identity" is a fuzzy notion, just as foggy as "soul".-¡-"National identity" is a fuzzy notion, just as foggy as "soul". -;- National identity is simply the sum of a country's inhabitants at a given time.-¡-National identity is simply the sum of a country's inhabitants at a given time. -;- Today's countries are multicultural and no longer have a homogeneous identity.-¡-Today's countries are multicultural and no longer have a homogeneous identity. -;- National identity is fluid and constantly redefined-¡-National identity is fluid and constantly redefined -;- There is no transcendent essence or figure of a country-¡-There is no transcendent essence or figure of a country -;- The nature of a country is a set of laws and institutions.-¡-The nature of a country is a set of laws and institutions. -;- National identity is a dangerous populist fantasy-¡-National identity is a dangerous populist fantasy<>7<>7l identity is a dangerous populist fantasy<>7<>7)
• Should all drugs be decriminalized?  + (Penalization is counterproductive-¡-Penali … Penalization is counterproductive-¡-Penalization is counterproductive -;- Penalization is bad for society-¡-Penalization is bad for society -;- Penalization is inappropriate-¡-Penalization is inappropriate<>Drug use is bad for society-¡-Drug use is bad for society -;- Drug use is dangerous for your health-¡-Drug use is dangerous for your health<>3<>2th-¡-Drug use is dangerous for your health<>3<>2)
• Should the police be abolished?  + (Police violence and racial profiling-¡-Pol … Police violence and racial profiling-¡-Police are racist -;- Cases of sexist aggression are poorly handled by police and judicial authorities-¡-Police are sexist -;- The police are a militia exclusively serving the interests of the bourgeoisie.-¡-The police are a militia exclusively serving the interests of the bourgeoisie. -;- Police violence is not a blunder but a normal part of police work.-¡-Police violence is not a blunder but a normal part of police work. -;- Police are fascists-¡-Police are fascists -;- The police are homophobic-¡-The police are homophobic<>Police protect citizens-¡-Police protect citizens -;- The police ensure compliance with the law-¡-The police ensure compliance with the law<>6<>2-The police ensure compliance with the law<>6<>2)
• Should the Académie française be dissolved?  + (The Académie française is a retrograde ins … The Académie française is a retrograde institution-¡-The Académie française is a retrograde institution -;- The Académie française has no legitimacy-¡-The Académie française has no legitimacy -;- The Académie française is an elitist institution-¡-The Académie française is an elitist institution -;- The Académie française is an expensive institution-¡-The Académie française is an expensive institution -;- The Académie française has connivances with the powers that be-¡-The Académie française has connivances with the powers that be<>Without the Académie francaise, there would be no French language.-¡-Without the Académie francaise, there would be no French language. -;- Without the Académie française, there would be no regulation of the French language-¡-Without the Académie française, there would be no regulation of the French language -;- The Académie française recognizes top literary talent-¡-The Académie française recognizes top literary talent<>5<>3e française recognizes top literary talent<>5<>3)
• Should the Lyon-Turin transalpine rail link be built?  + (The Lyon-Turin link would encourage modal … The Lyon-Turin link would encourage modal shift, reduce road traffic and cut CO2 emissions.-¡-The Lyon-Turin link would encourage modal shift, reduce road traffic and cut CO2 emissions. -;- Current line constraints make it impossible to use the freight line profitably-¡-Current line constraints make it impossible to use the freight line profitably<>The current line is underused-¡-The current line is underused -;- Long time to CO2 profitability-¡-Long time to CO2 profitability<>2<>2itability-¡-Long time to CO2 profitability<>2<>2)
• Is it necessary to boost the birth rate in France?  + (We need a higher birth rate to ensure pens … We need a higher birth rate to ensure pensions-¡-We need a higher birth rate to ensure pensions -;- We need a high birth rate if France is to remain a world power.-¡-We need a high birth rate if France is to remain a world power. -;- More births are needed to boost the economy-¡-More births are needed to boost the economy -;- We need a high birth rate to remain a dynamic, young country-¡-We need a high birth rate to remain a dynamic, young country -;- If we don't boost the birth rate, we'll have to bring in millions of migrants.-¡-If we don't boost the birth rate, we'll have to bring in millions of migrants. -;- France has a lot of rural areas that are empty or too old, and we need to repopulate them.-¡-France has a lot of rural areas that are empty or too old, and we need to repopulate them.<>France is already overpopulated-¡-France is already overpopulated -;- Population growth no longer necessary-¡-Population growth no longer necessary -;- Demographic decline is good for ecology-¡-Demographic decline is good for ecology -;- We'd be happier at 40 million than we are today-¡-We'd be happier at 40 million than we are today -;- It's cruel to give birth to a child in a world on the brink of collapse.-¡-It's cruel to give birth to a child in a world on the brink of collapse. -;- Natalist policies would be a dramatic step backwards for women's rights-¡-Birth policies are a danger for women's rights -;- Fertility is sufficiently stable-¡-Fertility is sufficiently stable<>6<>7 stable-¡-Fertility is sufficiently stable<>6<>7)
• Should we accept immigration?  + (Welcoming migrants is a humanist duty-¡-We … Welcoming migrants is a humanist duty-¡-Welcoming migrants is a humanist duty -;- The far-right's proposals to curb immigration are cruel and ineffective, and therefore racist.-¡-Populist solutions to limit immigration are inhumane, barbaric and ineffective -;- We owe it to the people of the South-¡-We owe it to the people of the South -;- Welcoming migrants is good for European economies-¡-Welcoming migrants is good for European economies -;- Welcoming migrants is a cultural and social asset-¡-Welcoming migrants is a cultural and social asset -;- We can't stop immigration-¡-We can't stop immigration -;- European and American imperialism have created the conditions for mass immigration as a result of the various bombings that have taken place.-¡-European and American imperialism have created the conditions for mass immigration as a result of the various bombings that have taken place. -;- France and Europe welcome few migrants in proportion to their population-¡-France and Europe welcome few migrants in proportion to their population -;- Rejection of immigration is the hallmark of the racist far right-¡-Rejection of immigration is the hallmark of the racist far right -;- The West practices a double standard depending on the origin of migrants-¡-The West practices a double standard depending on the origin of migrants -;- Some countries have been rendered uninhabitable by the climate crisis-¡-Some countries have been rendered uninhabitable by the climate crisis -;- Rejection of immigration is a form of resignation that absolves those truly responsible for France's economic and social crisis.-¡-Rejection of immigration is a form of resignation that absolves those truly responsible for France's economic and social crisis.<>We can't take in all the world's misery-¡-We can't take in all the world's misery -;- Influx of migrants lowers quality of life and increases violence-¡-Influx of migrants lowers quality of life and increases violence -;- Migrants risk destabilizing social cohesion-¡-Migrants risk destabilizing social cohesion -;- Migration is a problem for the countries from which migrants come-¡-Migration is a problem for migrants themselves -;- We can't control immigration-¡-We can't control immigration -;- Welcoming migrants goes against the will of the people-¡-Welcoming migrants goes against the will of the people -;- Migrants are not the poorest and are therefore not in need-¡-Migrants are not the ones in need, because you need enough money to leave your country. -;- Given the number of immigrants already present, migrants won't be able to integrate well.-¡-Given the number of immigrants already present, migrants won't be able to integrate well. -;- Immigration fuels terrorism to a certain extent-¡-Immigration fuels terrorism to a certain extent -;- Immigration often conveys retrograde or even obscurantist values and lifestyles (homophobia, sexism, etc.).-¡-Immigration often conveys retrograde or even obscurantist values and lifestyles (homophobia, sexism, etc.). -;- Migrants significantly change the culture of the host country-¡-Migrants significantly change the culture of the host country<>12<>11y change the culture of the host country<>12<>11)